Dhanteras is a highly auspicious Hindu festival celebrated on the 13th day of Krishna Paksha in the month of Ashwin, marking the start of the Diwali festivities. The word "Dhanteras" comes from the Sanskrit terms "Dhan," meaning wealth, and "Teras," referring to the 13th day. The festival is dedicated to seeking the blessings of Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, and Lord Ganesha, the god of wisdom. According to Hindu mythology, it commemorates the day when Goddess Lakshmi emerged from the churning of the ocean, symbolising the arrival of prosperity. It also celebrates the birth of Lord Dhanvantari, the god of medicine, who appeared with the nectar of immortality.
Uttar Pradesh and Punjab
In northern states like Uttar Pradesh and Punjab, people celebrate Dhanteras by purchasing gold, silver, and other valuable items, symbolising prosperity and good luck. Homes and temples are cleaned, decorated, and filled with lights, while special prayers and rituals are performed to invoke the blessings of the deities. Dhanteras marks the beginning of the larger Diwali festivities in these regions.
South India: Tamil Nadu and Karnataka
In the southern states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, Dhanteras is linked with Lord Dhanvantari, with a focus on health. Families buy kitchen utensils and cook special dishes, symbolising the wish for good health and longevity. Homes are decorated with lamps, and a ritual bath is taken before the evening puja to purify the body and soul.
West India: Gujarat and Maharashtra
In Gujarat and Maharashtra, the festival involves vibrant community gatherings, fairs, and cultural celebrations. Merchants often start new financial accounting books to mark a prosperous new year. People create intricate rangoli designs, and purchasing gold and silver is common. The region also celebrates with music and dance, adding a festive atmosphere to the day.
East India: Bengal and Odisha
In Bengal and Odisha, the focus is on honouring Goddess Lakshmi through elaborate pujas. People buy new clothes and sweets, which they share with neighbours and friends. Cultural programmes and fairs often accompany the festivities, celebrating local traditions along with the larger spiritual significance of the day.
Central India: Madhya Pradesh
In Madhya Pradesh, families come together to perform rituals aimed at invoking prosperity. While specific traditions vary, the themes of wealth, health, and family unity are central to the celebrations.
